The Guidebook to the Top 10 Questions About the Great Migration in Africa

The Great Migration in Africa is an incredible natural spectacle that takes place annually in East Africa, specifically in Tanzania and Kenya. The migration consists of roughly 1.5 million wildebeest, along with thousands of zebras and gazelles, travelling hundreds of kilometres across the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem.

This highly sought-after safari experience is a bucket-list event, and naturally, there are plenty of questions surrounding it. To help you prepare for your Great Migration safari, we have compiled answers to some of the most frequently asked questions.

Why do the Wildebeest Migrate?

The Great Migration is driven by the wildebeest’s instinctive search for food and water, making it one of nature’s most remarkable journeys. Their movement is closely tied to seasonal rainfall patterns within the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem, as fresh, nutrient-rich grasses sprout after the rains, attracting vast herds in search of sustenance.

The southern Serengeti plains—where the migration typically begins—are particularly rich in minerals, which are essential for the wildebeest during calving season. However, as these grasslands dry out, the animals must move in search of greener pastures. Access to water sources, such as rivers and waterholes, also plays a crucial role, particularly during the dry season. The herds continuously adjust their movements based on the availability of grazing land and water, ensuring their survival throughout the year.

A lone wildebeest stands in the foreground, gazing into the distance, while a small herd approaches across the open savannah under a bright blue sky for a Great Migration in Africa.
A solitary wildebeest pauses to survey its surroundings as the rest of the herd follows in the distance. The vast open plains and distant hills set the stage for a scene that embodies the wild beauty of Africa’s Great Migration.

Where Does the Great Migration Occur? 

The Great Migration takes place in East Africa, within the vast Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem, which spans Tanzania and Kenya.

In Tanzania, the migration primarily moves through Serengeti National Park and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, while in Kenya, the herds travel through the Maasai Mara National Reserve. The migration follows a continuous cycle, beginning in the southern Serengeti, where calving season takes place. As the year progresses, the herds move northwards through the Serengeti, eventually reaching the Maasai Mara in Kenya. After grazing in the Mara, they make their way southwards again, returning to Tanzania to restart the cycle.

This never-ending journey ensures that the wildebeest—and the many other species that accompany them—always have access to fresh grazing land and water as they navigate the changing seasons.

What Animals Can I See During the Great Migration? 

While the wildebeest are the stars of the show, they are not the only animals taking part in this great journey. On your Great Migration safari, you can also expect to see other migratory animals, such as zebras and gazelles, which travel alongside the wildebeest in search of food and water. Predators, including lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, and crocodiles, lie in wait for opportunities to prey on the migrating animals.

Of course, being in these prime wildlife areas, you will also encounter a variety of other resident species that call the Serengeti and Maasai Mara home.

An African elephant walks among a mixed herd of zebras and wildebeest on the golden plains of the Serengeti during the Great Migration in Africa.
An elephant moves through a sea of zebras and wildebeest, showcasing the incredible biodiversity of the the Great Migration in Africa.

Are Sightings of the Great Migration In Africa Guaranteed?

While sightings of the Great Migration cannot be guaranteed, careful planning and expert guidance significantly enhance your chances of witnessing this incredible spectacle. Although the migration occurs year-round, the exact timing and location of the herds depend on rainfall patterns and environmental factors. Since the wildebeest move in response to changing conditions, their precise whereabouts at any given time can be unpredictable.

To maximise your chances of experiencing the best migration viewing opportunities, we highly recommend consulting one of our African Travel Experts. With first-hand experience and in-depth knowledge of the migration’s movements, they can tailor your itinerary to align with the most likely locations of the herds, ensuring you get the most out of your Great Migration safari.

A safari vehicle drives along a dusty road through the vast golden plains of the Serengeti, surrounded by thousands of wildebeest during the Great Migration.
A safari vehicle winds its way through the Serengeti, offering an up-close encounter with the spectacular Great Migration.

What Type of Accommodation Should I Expect on a Migration Safari?

Choosing the right accommodation is key to planning the perfect Great Wildebeest Migration safari. There are various accommodation levels, including value (3-star), mid-range (4-star), and luxury (5-star). You may also come across references to mobile camps and permanent camps—here’s what they mean:

  • Mobile camps move with the herds throughout the season, keeping you close to the action. They offer an intimate safari experience, often with fewer guests, and focus strongly on wildlife encounters rather than luxury. These camps still provide comfortable tents with en-suite bathrooms, but facilities such as spas and swimming pools are usually not available.
  • Permanent camps remain in one location and offer more luxurious amenities, including swimming pools, spas, and laundry services. They operate year-round, making them a great option even outside of the migration season.
A woman relaxes by a smoky campfire outside a luxury safari tent in the African wilderness, enjoying the tranquility of the moment.
Unwinding by the fire after a day of adventure—this is the essence of a Great Migration Safari.

How Long Should a Great Migration Safari Be? 

The Great Migration is a constantly shifting spectacle, making flexibility a key factor in planning your safari. Since the movement of the herds depends on rainfall patterns and grazing conditions, no two migration experiences are exactly the same. Some travellers are lucky enough to witness a dramatic river crossing within hours of arrival, while others may need a few days of game drives to encounter the herds in full motion.

 

For the best chances of seeing the migration, we recommend staying for at least 3 nights in Tanzania and at least 5 nights in Kenya. This allows ample time to explore different areas of the Serengeti and Maasai Mara, increasing your likelihood of encountering key migration moments such as the calving season in the southern Serengeti or the thrilling Mara River crossings.

 

The ideal duration of your safari ultimately depends on your priorities, budget, and available time. If witnessing the migration is a top priority, extending your stay to a week or more provides greater opportunities to track the movement of the herds and enjoy additional safari experiences.

How do I Get to a Great Migration Safari? 

There are two main ways to travel around Tanzania and Kenya when embarking on a Great Migration safari: a fly-in safari or a driving safari. A fly-in safari involves flying directly to the camps and lodges, where guests use the lodge’s vehicles and guides for game drives and other activities. This option is ideal for those looking to maximise their time in the wilderness and enjoy a seamless, comfortable journey between destinations.

 

Alternatively, a driving safari offers a more immersive experience, where guests travel by road with a private vehicle and guide throughout their entire trip. This option allows for greater flexibility and the opportunity to witness the changing landscapes along the way. The choice between the two largely depends on personal preference, budget, and the overall safari experience one wishes to have.



How Early Should I Book a Great Migration Safari? 

Booking a Great Migration safari well in advance is highly recommended to secure the best accommodations and travel dates. The Great Migration is one of the most sought-after wildlife spectacles in the world, attracting travellers from across the globe. This is particularly true during peak season, from July to October, when river crossings take place and demand is at its highest. Lodges and camps in the Serengeti and Maasai Mara have limited availability, and the most desirable options fill up quickly.

 

To ensure the best possible experience, it is advisable to start planning at least 12 to 18 months in advance. Early booking not only guarantees access to prime safari lodges but also allows for more flexibility in itinerary planning. This is especially important for those with specific preferences, such as a particular lodge, private guide, or specific dates that align with the migration’s movements.

Are There Other Activities I Can Do While on a Migration Safari? 

Although witnessing the Great Migration is a spectacular experience in itself, there are plenty of other activities to enhance a Great Migration safari in Tanzania or Kenya. A hot air balloon safari offers an extraordinary perspective, allowing travellers to glide over the plains of the Serengeti or Maasai Mara at sunrise, witnessing the vast herds from above. For those seeking a more grounded experience, walking safaris provide a unique opportunity to explore the bush on foot with expert guides, offering a deeper connection to nature.

 

Night game drives allow visitors to observe the nocturnal side of the African wilderness, where predators such as leopards and hyenas become more active. Birdwatching is also a rewarding activity, as the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem is home to an incredible variety of bird species. For those interested in cultural experiences, visiting a local Maasai village provides valuable insight into the traditions and way of life of one of Africa’s most well-known indigenous communities. Whether soaring above the plains, walking through the wilderness, or engaging with local culture, there are plenty of ways to make a Great Migration safari even more memorable.

A hot air balloon drifts over the African savannah at sunrise, offering breathtaking views of the Great Migration as wildebeest move across the vast plains below.
A magical hot air balloon safari provides an unparalleled view of the Great Migration, as thousands of wildebeest traverse the open plains of the Serengeti.

The Great Migration in Africa is truly one of nature’s most breathtaking spectacles. With the right planning, timing, and expert guidance, you can experience this once-in-a-lifetime event in all its glory. Ready to start planning your Great Migration safari? Contact us and get in touch with on of our African Travel Experts today!